Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects up to 10% of people. Rosacea is more commonly seen in people with fair skin, particularly those of Celtic descent. While it most often appears in adults aged 30–60, it can occur at any stage of life.
April is Rosacea Awareness Month, offering an important opportunity to raise awareness and support those living with the condition. In this article, we explore what rosacea is, what may cause it, and practical steps to help manage symptoms.
What is rosacea?
Rosacea typically affects the central face, particularly the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. Common signs include:
- Frequent facial flushing
- Persistent redness
- Visible small blood vessels (telangiectasia)
- Small bumps or pimples that may resemble acne
In rare, severe cases, oil secreting glands on the nose may become enlarged and red (called rhinophyma).
In certain cases, the eyes can be affected (ocular rosacea), causing irritation, dryness, or a gritty feeling. Some people also experience sensitive skin, with burning or stinging sensations.
What causes rosacea?
The exact cause of rosacea is not fully understood, but research suggests it is likely due to a combination of factors, including:
- Genetics, a family history may increase risk
- Skin barrier changes, leading to increased sensitivity
- Immune system responses, causing inflammation
- Environmental triggers, especially ultraviolet (UV) exposure
A naturally occurring microscopic mite, Demodex folliculorum, has also been studied in relation to rosacea. While it is naturally present on healthy skin, higher levels have been observed in some people with rosacea, though its exact role remains unclear.
What rosacea is not:
There are several common misconceptions about rosacea. It is important to know:
- It is not contagious
- It is not caused by poor hygiene
- It is not the same as acne, although they can look similar
- While there is no cure, it can be managed effectively
Managing rosacea: practical tips
Small, consistent changes in your daily routine can make a significant difference.
1. Identify your triggers
Triggers vary from person to person, but common ones include:
- Sun exposure
- Alcohol and caffeine
- Spicy foods
- Stress
- Strenuous exercise
- Certain cosmetics or skincare products can irritate skin
Keeping a simple diary can help you recognise and avoid your personal triggers.
2. Protect your skin from the sun
Sun exposure is one of the most common triggers for rosacea flare-ups.
- Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) every day
- Choose products with high UVA protection (4–5 stars)
- Reapply throughout the day, especially if outdoors
For sensitive skin, mineral (physical) sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are often better tolerated.
Learn more about sunscreen and sun protection.
3. Be gentle with your skin
- Use a soap-free, fragrance-free cleanser
- Apply cleanser with your fingertips in circular motion
- Avoid scrubbing or exfoliating harshly
- Rinse cleanser thoroughly with lukewarm water
- Pat your skin dry rather than rubbing
4. Moisturise daily
- This helps to hydrate skin by trapping water
- This can improve your skin barrier leading to a reduction in irritation and make your skin feel more comfortable
- Studies show that applying a rosacea friendly moisturiser or barrier repair cream can also improve the results you see from any medical treatment
5. Choose products carefully
Rosacea-prone skin can react to certain ingredients.
- Opt for fragrance-free, alcohol-free, and non-irritating products
- Mineral-based make-up may be better tolerated
- Green-tinted primers can help neutralise redness
Always remove make-up gently at the end of the day.
6. Shaving tips
- Use an electric razor where possible
- Avoid heavily fragranced shaving products that contain alcohol and may irritate the skin
7. Eye care
If your eyes are affected:
- Gently clean eyelids with cooled, boiled water
- Use a small amount of diluted baby shampoo if advised
- Consider lubricating eye drops for dryness
Seek medical advice if symptoms persist.
Support and Treatment
If you think you may have rosacea, it is important to speak with your GP. They can provide a diagnosis, recommend appropriate treatments, and refer you to a dermatologist if needed.
Treatments may include topical or oral medications to help control inflammation and reduce symptoms.
Additional Support
Some people choose to use skin camouflage products to reduce the appearance of redness. Services such as those provided by the Irish Red Cross may offer guidance.
Learn more about skin camouflage services and support from the Red Cross.
Conclusion
Rosacea can be a challenging condition, but with the right knowledge and support, it is manageable. Understanding your triggers, protecting your skin, and adopting a gentle skincare routine are key steps in maintaining control.
If you are concerned about your skin, reach out to your GP or a healthcare professional for advice and support.
Learn more on our rosacea information page or contact the ISF Ask-Nurse Helpline.
